Category: Book Reviews

Disclosures and Closure:  A Review of Forbidden Science 7:  Final Report:  The Journals of Jacques Vallée

Featured ~ Bryan Sentes ~ 1 Comment

[Earlier this year, Matthew Kibbey, the new publisher/editor of Fate magazine, generously asked if I might submit to the launch of the magazine under his editorship. I had, on hand, the latest and last volume of Vallée’s journals, which I offered to review. Below, one can read the review in its entirety; a judiciously edited version appears in the latest number of Fate.]

The month the final volume of Jacques Vallée’s journals appeared (June 2026), the man himself, at that year’s Contact in the Desert conference, announced it would be his final public appearance.

Anyone interested in UAP or UFOs (still Vallée’s preferred term: “The witnesses I kept interviewing…had not seen phenomena; they had seen hard objects” (8)) will likely feel a certain grief. Grief, too, permeates this last book of Vallée’s journals. The loss of colleagues, friends, and family and the encroaching infirmities of old age, aches and pains or the need for hearing aids, sound like a refrain throughout the volume’s near 500 pages.

Added to that grief is an impatient frustration—with the stubbornness of the mystery which seems no more resolved after decades of dogged investigation; the failed promise of the latest upsurge of official interest; the attendant and on-going machinations of intelligence agencies and black projects; and the limitations of the newest cohort of researchers. Nevertheless, in keeping these journals, Vallée “felt a responsibility to describe what progress [he] could see from the noble efforts of others, and to say what [he] thought as clearly as [he] could, as long as [he] could” (7).

One challenge in presenting what Vallée describes is remarked by Vallée himself, who quotes another diarist:  “There’s what you registered in the moment that seemed worth writing about, and there’s what you see between the lines, years later, reviewing that moment” (448). What Vallée registers in the moment is his life:  his collaborations, friendships, and loves; his travels between California and France; his investments as a player in Silicon Valley; observations on the American and French economies, politics, and lifestyles; the 1,000+ days of COVID, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the deepening climate crisis; and, of course, his and others’ efforts to penetrate the mystery of the UFO. The reader, of course, is one of those who sees “between the lines years later,” picking out what is of interest to them, which, for most of the book’s readers, will be the UFO topic.

And there is much of interest. The story of the hard scientific research that Vallée engages in with Garry Nolan and Larry Lemke on “material UFO samples” runs through the volume,  research resulting in the first peer-reviewed paper on the topic in the journal Progress in Aerospace Sciences in January, 2022, an important achievement in removing the stubborn stigma that still accrues to UAP. As well, the journals climax with the Sol Foundation’s third conference in Baveno, Italy, where Vallée presents his and his collaborators’ research into the 1966 Haynesville, Louisiana case (also published in Progress in Aerospace Sciences June, 2025).

Much of the journal concerns, too, the research with Paola Harris into the purported crash of an avocado-shaped object in New Mexico in 1945 and the publication of their findings in Trinity:  The Best-Kept Secret in 2021 (since republished in an updated edition as Trinity: The Scientific Proof of UFOs). This work stands, however, in stark contrast to the two papers, above. On the one hand, the case has arguably been thoroughly demolished by journalist D. D. Johnson, whose damning criticisms have yet to be answered. On the other, regardless of one’s opinion of Garry Nolan, for example, Valleé’s collaborators on the articles published by Progress in Aerospace Sciences are accredited scholars, while Harris, among other things, teaches “on-line classes in Exopolitics for Dr. Michael Salla’s Exopolitics Institute for which she is the International liaison director,” not the most glowing of endorsements (and nowhere admitted by Vallée).

There are many fellow-travellers who play major and minor parts in the story:  Eric Davis, “Hal” Puthoff, “Kit” Green, Robert Bigelow, George Knapp, and newcomers Jeremy Corbell, Ross Coulthart, Tom DeLonge, Lue Elizondo, James Fox, Tim Gallaudet, Dave Grusch, Paul Hynek, Leslie Kean, Colm Kelleher, Jeffrey Kripal, James Lacatski, Avi Loeb, Christopher Mellon, Diana Pasulka, Daniel Sheehan, Jay Stratton, Travis Taylor, and Beatriz Villaroël. Some are lauded, while few are subject to much scrutiny, let alone criticism. Vallée’s silence in this regard might be mere tact, but their various failings should, one would think, be remarked if they muddy the waters of investigation and research. A case in point, which is remarked, is Lue Elizondo’s 2024 “televised expedition to Sicily” to follow-up on a story that “UFOs had supposedly downed a military aircraft with mysterious beams, then strange phenomena ignited houses” (388), concerning which Vallée drily observes “If you bother to check the facts (but who does anymore?), you’ll find that the ‘downed military craft’ is a fiction” (389). Then, in March 2025, Vallée will reflect on Garry Nolan’s belief in “psionics”: “Am I the only one who remembers the ‘official hoaxes,’ like the false data planted by Bill Moore and the prestidigitation of Sandia in 1985?” (426).

Such critical vigilance is more reminiscent of the author of Revelations (1997), which cast a withering gaze on tales of crashed flying saucers, alien abductions, and cattle mutilations. With this earlier incarnation in mind, one is puzzled to read of Vallée’s appearing to believe a story told him by “Gilbert” (“a discrete master remote viewer at the level of Uri Geller and Ingo Swann” (164)), who, he tells him,

was taken inside a small mountain to an underground room, well-lit and cared for by men and women in uniform with no designation of rank or unit….

He was led to the presence of an entity, over six feet tall, with very few features except for light emission from various parts of its ‘body’ so that Gilbert thought what he saw might be covered by a test article, a wired uniform or a safety container for the being rather than the body of an actual Alien.

Gilbert then proceeds to “communicate” with the Alien via “question-and-answer sequences, where he was left to interpret answers that came in the form of light combinations “ (429-30). How, one might ask, does Gilbert’s experience substantially differ from that of Bob Lazar, for example, subject, at least according to the Vallée of Revelations, to an elaborate charade, complete with being transported to a remote, secret lab and tasked to work on retrieved alien artefacts?

Precisely such dissimulation on the part of known and, more worryingly, unknown parties is a red thread that runs through the journals. Vallée’s work for Robert Bigelow is a case in point. The opening pages of the journal for 2020 concern the leak of “the 494-page, ten-month report provided by BAASS [Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies] to the DIA [Defense Intelligence Agency] at the conclusion of the first-year option of the AAWSAP [Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program] contract” (24). One particularly sore point is the fate of the Capella database of 240,000 cases that Vallée meticulously began to design and compile during his work for BAAS in 2008, left undeveloped and unfinished when the project’s government funding was not renewed. As late as 2025, Vallée asks “Who killed Capella at mid-term although it was a properly vetted and funded, well-run project? Also, why?” (412). He goes on to wonder “Was the Capella project cutoff because full deployment of the later [undeveloped] phases of software (the AI) would have exposed both the deeper nature of the phenomenon and its illegal manipulation by powerful hidden interests?” (413).

Parallel to the machinations of these “hidden interests” is the public engagement with the phenomenon:  the documentaries of James Fox (The Phenomenon and The Program), “the shenanigans on Skinwalker Ranch” (27), To The Stars Academy of Arts & Sciences (TTSA) (“preparing new books and pursuing TV projects…but their ambitious claims about science seem to have withered” (17)), and the various U.S. government initiatives—task forces, committees, and hearings—whose results might be summed up as “little more than political games and blurry images from aircraft” (8). Nevertheless, despite this legacy of suppression and secrecy and official incompetence and obfuscation, Vallée, now retreating “from the visible research,” remains

confident that innovation would remain alive in the ranks of such organizations as Dr. Garry Nolan’s SOL Foundation, John Priestland’s “uNHIdden” organization in London (the world’s only group concerned with the mental and physical health of witnesses), and the extraordinary Archives of the Impossible at Rice University pioneered by Dr. Jeffrey Kripal[,]

these “the new leaders, and the places from which profound changes could emerge” (9).

At the end, the mystery of the UFO remains. Attempts by Vallée to return hypnotically to his own fateful sighting of a soucoupe volante (flying saucer) in his youth results in a telling image:  “recalling the days of Pontnoise, [his] parents, the garden, the church… [he] drifted even further into the recall of the object, its odd immobility in the air, but [he] couldn’t break beyond that, or go deeper” (458). The “remembered” flying saucer, like the UAP that eludes our understanding today, hovers, distant, out of reach, escaping the desire to get a closer look, to probe its nature, to get at its ultimate truth.

This final volume of Vallée’s journals completes an important document in the history of ufology. There’s little doubt the journals are a rich source of insight into the labyrinthine story of the investigation of refractory mystery, one that can still fascinate the population at large, scientists and scholars, and militaries and intelligence agencies. Though his (public) journals have come to an end, Vallée’s personal story, of course, is not quite over. As he writes, “there’s still time to think new thoughts, publish some records, and complete a life” (384). In his withdrawal into private life, the rest of us are left with a legacy, one Vallée tells us himself how to receive:  “My journals should remain simply a source for inquiry and discrimination, one man’s special view of a vast, unknown field” (456).

“…they know not what they do”: What to Make of Trinity: The Best-Kept Secret by Jacques F. Vallée and Paola Leopizzi Harris

~ Bryan Sentes ~ 31 Comments

On finishing Vallée’s and Harris’ Trinity, the reader would be forgiven if they wondered if the “Jacques Vallée” who co-authored this book were the same “Jacques Vallée” credited with writing Revelations or the recently re-issued Passport to Magonia. Where the last volume is, at least in certain circles, highly-prized for being inventive and groundbreaking and Revelations is a focussed, critical examination of the stories about alien abduction, crashed flying saucers and dead aliens, secret alien bases and cattle mutilation, Trinity is an unfocussed, raggedly-composed, eye-rollingly credulous mess of a book.

It would be a tedious exercise to catalogue its manifold failings. While Vallée speaks of himself as a scientist and even imagines scientists reading the book (286), Trinity is no work of science, scholarship, or even investigative journalism. Indeed, it reads like a first draft, in sore need of a thorough editing for content and structure, let alone a proof-reading. The main body of the book is composed of transcripts of interviews conducted by Harris (silently edited by Vallée “for clarity” (16)) with the three witnesses to a “UFO crash” avant le lettre and subsequent matters: Jose Padilla; Jose’s friend, Remigio Baca; and Sabrina Padilla, Jose’s niece. These interviews are interspersed by commentaries by Vallée to highlight their salient points and interlarded with chapters, often mystifyingly digressive, about matters historical and ufological: the development and deployment of the atomic bomb, the history of the American Southwest, the Socorro and Valensole landings, etc. Although the book contains footnotes, endnotes, a bibliography, and index, this scholarly apparatus is erratic and brow-furrowing. It’s too often unclear why well-known figures, such as Robert Oppenheimer, require an endnote and how the data related is pertinent to the book’s argument. Factual claims essential to the case that Vallée and Harris want to make far more often than not are left unsupported, rendering much of the book so much hearsay. An added insult are the typos that pepper the text. Important place names can’t even be spelled consistently: The Plains of San Augustin are the “Plains of San Agustin” (299) in the footnote explaining the location, the San Antonio crash site is as often “San Antonito”—even in the title of the book’s second chapter—, and Ryan Wood’s book Majic Eyes Only (134) becomes Magic Eyes Only on the facing page.

Flaws in organization, scholarly apparatus, and orthography could be forgiven if the book’s content were so earth-shatteringly urgent its hasty composition and issue were justified by the need to make its matter known. But rumours of the crash the book investigates at length if not in depth are hardly new to ufological ears: among others, Timothy Good, “a careful chronicler of modern ufology” (15), remarks the story in his 2007 book Need to Know. The case the authors want to make for the veracity if not significance of the event is buried under page after page of leisurely digressions (as noted above) and undermined by their credulity. Among too many examples, one can point to the seemingly uncritical acceptance of the testimony of Philip Corso (of which Vallée has been critical in the past) and the apparent belief in the authenticity of the Wilson / Davis document (that John Greenewald has explained in far more down-to-earth and persuasive terms).

Were Trinity: The Best-Kept Secret a serious work, it might have begun with a brief introduction as to how the case in question caught the attention of the authors and why they thought it worth their and the reader’s time to investigate (i.e., the book’s eleven-page foreword would be reduced to a few sentences). A survey of the literature might have been followed by a clear, focussed description and narration of the case, rigorously supported by citations to the research that substantiates it, with references where applicable to the complete, unedited transcripts, perhaps contained in an appendix. (The work of Kevin Randle and Joshua Cutchin are exemplary in this regard). An analysis and conclusion would have ended the book. Had Trinity been so researched and organized, and written with a sharp focus and scientific / scholarly objectivity, then we’d have a book that could claim more serious attention.

So, if Trinity: The Best-Kept Secret really can’t be counted as a scientific, scholarly, or journalistic work, to what genre does it belong? The answer is that it is a work of ufology. As unsurprising as such a categorization is, it implies more than, say, Neil deGrasse Tyson might imagine. The genre cuts a wide swath, from contactee George Adamski‘s Flying Saucers Have Landed to the more serious attempts at scientific ufology of Harley D. Rutledge and Peter A. Sturrock. It is possible, however, as I have argued at length here at the Skunkworks, to bracket the truth-claims of ufological media (and it is clearly a multimedia, cultural phenomenon) and study it as a kind of folklore or mythology-in-the-making, what Jung called “a visionary rumour”.

From this point of view Trinity is singular, for it is, to my knowledge, the first work of ufology to grasp, in however a tentative, repressed (unconscious) manner, this folkloric, textual dimension. In Chapter Twelve, “A Trinity of Secrets”, Vallée perceives a numerical, if not numerological, pattern:

Everything, in this story, appears to be going in threes…Three atomic bombs were exploded in the summer of 1945…There were three live Campamochas aboard the crashed craft…there were three ‘short ugly guys’ who ‘started to put things into the mind‘ of the sheepherder…Also, at least three metallic artifacts were recovered… (149)

Vallée also remarks the “three objects of interest”: Fat Man (the atomic bomb detonated over Nagasaki), the “avocado” UFO observed by the witnesses, and the Jumbo test enclosure on display at the Trinity site (150), to which one could add the number of direct and indirect witnesses and the three peaks that give the Trinity site its name and the book its title. Further, he collates an additional trio, comparing the San Antonio crash with the Socorro and Valensole landing cases (pp. 183 ff.). Vallée notices, too, that “the Aurora object [an airship said to have crashed in Aurora, Texas in 1897], like the oval craft seen by Padilla and Baca, hit a tower before it went crashing to the ground: two similar accidents, half a century apart…” (117). Often, Vallée refers to himself as an information scientist, interested in finding patterns in the data, signal in the noise. Philosophers would speak here of the play of identity and difference, literary and music critics of theme and variation, folklorists of motifs, and semioticians of the repetitions that constitute signs.

Vallée is clearly struck by the spatiotemporal proximity of the Trinity atom bomb test and the San Antonio crash and retrieval: the coincidence is significant, meaningful if not, strictly, synchronicitous. Indeed, in the conclusion, he grasps (at) the hermeneutic rather than the physical, scientific meaning of the event he and Harris have investigated: “Jose and Reme were witnesses to an unexpected dialogue of sorts, an eerie exchange of symbols between the brightest scientists in the world and something else, undoubtedly the product of another mind…” [my emphasis] (282). Reflecting on the stories of UFO crashes and retrievals, in part or in whole, he reflects

What if those UFO devices had been designed so they could not be reverse-engineered by people with our current level of knowledge and social development? What if their target was at a different level? At a symbolic level, about our relationship to life? At a psychic level, about our relationship to the universe? What if they contained an existential warning? [my emphasis]( 287)

He even attempts to divine the meaning of the event, interpreting it as “a signal, from the point of view of better scientists somewhere, that our survival may not be an inflexible requirement of the universe?” (288).

It’s as if Vallée “knows not what he writes”, his focus on investigating and explaining a physical event interferes with his understanding its symbolic cache, however much he does grasp the event possesses one. The thinker who first coined the expression ‘nihilism’ in the Eighteenth Century, Friedrich Jacobi, used it to refer to the implications of the worldview of Spinoza and the then-burgeoning natural sciences: a self-enclosed cosmos of cause-and-effect was without meaning; the sciences can describe and explain how the world is, but cannot account for the fact that it is. This nihilism, the natural sciences’ overlooking or bypassing the question of the meaning of what they study, blocks Vallée from being able to move into a purely semiotic, hermeneutic analysis of the matter. The crash can only be a signal, a communication of sorts, because the sciences can grasp language only in its communicative, informational function, not, ironically, in its mythopoetic, “symbolic” dimension. Events like that under investigation in his and Harris’ book do indeed bear witness to an “an unexpected dialogue of sorts, an eerie exchange of symbols“, between the witnesses and researchers and “another mind”, just not a nonhuman, extraterrestrial, ultratraterrestrial, interdimensional, or transtemporal mind, but that of the inhuman Other (following Lacan), the Unconscious, Creative, Collective, or otherwise.

As we have argued at length from the start, the “myth of things seen in the sky” can be grasped precisely as a spontaneously-generated, anonymous folklore that operates at “a symbolic level, about our relationship to life.” As a mythology or folklore, it operates in a semantic space that is both and neither true and false. That is, the countless stories about UFOs and their occupants, both direct (e.g, a sighting report) and indirect (e.g., the speculations Vallée himself indulges around the Wilson / Davis document (pp. 280 ff.)) are taken for fact by some and as a curious fiction by others. Vallée attempts to grasp the meaning of a physical event and finds himself caught between the Scylla of the fictive and the Charybdis of fact, unwilling or unable to be lifted by the former because of his investment in the latter.

As I remarked in my first, brief reflection on the announcement and eventual publication of Vallée’s and Harris’ book, in an interview with the authors, Jimmy Church’s stated belief, that the San Antonio crash “could be another Roswell”, is likely prophetic, not in foretelling the future (though that, too), but in its seeing into the truth of the matter. Trinity: The Best-Kept Secret, especially because of its failings, all the work it leaves to be done, might well spawn another shelf in the UFO crash retrieval library, like Stanton Friedman’s initial research did for the Roswell crash. And, as such, Trinity will take its place between the covert fictions of George Adamski (whose Venusians came to warn us of the dangers of atomic energy) and the overt fiction of David Lynch’s Twin Peaks, which ties the Trinity test to analogous and no less grave or eerily symbolic developments.

Thomas Bullard reviews M. J. Banias’ The UFO People

~ Bryan Sentes ~ Leave a comment

Sometimes “the UFO community” reveals that some of its members are just shit-gibbons (which is an insult to gibbons):  point of evidence is the recent hacking of Diane W. Pasulka’s social media accounts and email (if I have the story straight).

Pasulka statement

What is wrong with some people?

But, then, the less socially-challenged among us (admittedly, a relative judgement) are edified by something good that comes out it all. To wit, this review of M. J. Banias’ The UFO People by no less than folklorist Thomas E. Bullard in the no less auspicious Journal for Scientific Exploration. Bullard devotes just over eight pages of cogent appreciation to Banias’ work, one whose concerns are shared here at Skunkworks.

Here’s to less shit-gibbonry and more serious, civil work!

 

Book Review: Neil Rushton’s Set Controls for the Heart of the Sun

~ Bryan Sentes ~ 1 Comment

Neil Rushton’s Set Controls for the Heart of the Sun is a timely and accomplished first novel. It might seem odd to review this book at Skunkworks, but Rushton’s novel touches on shared concerns in its treatment of transhumanism, alternate realities, and the non-human intelligent entities, Faeries.

The book is timely, in the first instance, because of the character of the narrator-protagonist’s life. He is a broken soul, depressed and suffering a kind of PTSD following the sudden death of his mother and sister in a car crash. His unresolved grief culminates in a psychotic break while waiting in line in a shop landing him in a psychiatric ward. When the story proper begins, we find him released and living alone and friendless, eking out his life on a combination of government assistance and freelance webdesign, self-medicating with cannabis and, most importantly, psychedelics, given him by a shadowy, semi-official figure, Ober. Despite the extremity of his condition, the narrator is a Millenial type, depressed, medicated, and living precariously, whose typicality is reinforced by his remaining anonymous.

The novel is germane, further, because of its thematic concerns:  psychedelia and entheogens, transhumanism, nonhuman intelligences, and, more traditionally, because of their inescapability, suffering and mortality. Without giving too much away, the novel plots the narrator’s treatment with increasingly experimental psychedelics under Ober’s, and soon his colleagues’, care. As one might well imagine, as the treatment progresses, what is real becomes more precarious and amorphous. The deftness and delicacy with which this aspect of the narrative is dealt is one of the novel’s stylistic accomplishments.

The narrator’s treatment and attendant visionary experiences introduce another timely topic, transhumanism. But, unlike the simpleminded, techno-utopian version of Ray Kurzweil, Rushton envisions, or so it seems, given neither the reader nor the narrator are sure of what is real or not at any given time, a transcendence via entheogenically-driven evolution. The plot is haunted, too, not only by visions of the posthuman, but of the non-human. Weird, protean intelligences appear throughout, impish, defamiliarized versions of the folkloric Faery, here turned to a more modern or postmodern significance. Rushton’s uncanny re-imagined Little People bring to mind David Lynch’s unsettling, daemonic inhabitants of the Black Lodge. And anyone acquainted with the evergrowing body of entheogenic literature will be reminded of the entity reports that compose one part of it.

In more conventional, literary terms, the emotional heart of the book is the narrator’s unresolved grief and the attendant need to come to terms with mortality. Beneath the theatrical trappings remarked above (nevertheless, a not unimportant part of the novel’s architecture) is the process of the narrator’s painful and harrowing exploration of the painful frailty of human connection, familial and otherwise. One risk the novel takes is in its attempts to employ the extremes of the plot as a means to defamiliarize and so make new its heady thematic and emotional content.

And it’s just here in how ably this otherwise apparently unassuming novel carries off this difficult task that its more literary artistic achievements shine. Despite being a novel of first-person introspection and profound experience, psychedelic and emotional, the plot never bogs down, an accomplishment in its own right. The growing disorientation of the narrator over the reality of his experiences is deftly handled so that that confusion is vividly represented but without ever confusing or frustrating the reader. Despite the gravity and complexity of its concerns, the novel is constructed with a sly, intertextual irony, drawing on Shakespeare, Byron, Lewis Carroll, pop culture, folklore ancient and modern, and other sources to weave the plot’s materials, which, as they are slowly revealed, complicate, intensify, and lighten the reading experience.

In the wake of the French Revolution’s descent into the Terror, trust and hope in Progress or the sudden advent of a new world or age both faded. Writers, then, struggled to understand and render this new, obscure relation to time, history, and endings, composing in answer works without a clear ending or even, sometimes, beginning, novels and poems where reality and imagination, realistic prose, fairy tale, and dream, all served to blur the meanings of ‘vision’, most notably in those works of Romantic Irony, such as Novalis’ unfinished and unfinishable novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, forerunners of those forays into postmodern undecidability, such as the novels of Thomas Pynchon.

Rushton’s Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun is a deceptively unassuming participant in this tradition, equally our condition. It combines the perennially, personally urgent matters of death and grief, the real material conditions of millenial life under neoliberal capitalism, a more overarching concern with the fate of humankind, and speculations about knowledge and reality all within a narrative equally introspective and plot-driven, woven of an ambivalent tissue of the present moment and the literary inheritance. Rushton’s book will find a home on the bookshelf, beside titles by William Burroughs, Terrence McKenna, and their fellow travellers.

Neil Rushton. Set Controls for the Heart of the Sun. London:  Austin MaCauley, 2016. 289 pp.

 

Neil Rushton is an archaeologist and freelance writer who has published on a wide rushtonvariety of topics from castle fortifications to folklore. Recently he has been exploring the confluence between consciousness, insanity and reality and how they are affected through the use of a wide variety of psychotropic drugs. His first novel, Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun, explores these issues to the backdrop of Syd Barrett and Pink Floyd. He also writes a blog-site devoted to the mythology and reality of the faeries:  https://deadbutdreaming.wordpress.com/

 

 

 

Jung’s Ufological Bookshelf: Gerald Heard, The Riddle of the Saucers: Is Another World Watching?

~ Bryan Sentes ~ 4 Comments

51hyugp-u1lGerald Heard. The Riddle of the Saucers:  Is Another World Watching? London:  Winter and Worsfold, 1950. 157pp.

In the commentary to the third dream Jung analyzes in his Flying Saucers, he writes:

A round metallic object appears, described as a flying spider….we are reminded of the hypothesis that Ufos are a species of insect from another planet and possessing a shell or carapace that shines like metal. An analogy would be the metallic-looking chitinous covering of our beetles. Each Ufo is supposed to be a single insect, not a swarm. (46)

The idea that the Ufo might be an extraterrestrial insect, the footnote to this passage tells us, is found in Sievers’ Flying Saucers über Südafrika that “mentions Gerald Heard’s hypothesis that they are a species of bee from Mars”.

If UFO reports constitute a “visionary rumour” then Heard’s book reads like a link in the chain of gossip, what Jung called “sensation mongering” in the case of ordinary rumours, despite Heard’s calling his book a “report” several times in the Foreward. Loosely written both in presentation of the cases and in their documentation (e.g., Heard refers to what Arnold saw as discs or saucers (12)) Heard’s book might seem a hack’s attempt to cash in on the public interest in the new phenomenon (written between late 1947 and late 1950), until one discovers what a widely-published and highly-regarded figure he was, a graduate of Cambridge, the author of thirty-eight books, and a friend of Aldous Huxley.

Nevertheless, despite being one of the earliest books on the topic Jung consults, it sets out both the (to us) well-known and well-worn history of the earliest years of the modern phenomenon as well as the more general lineaments of the myth with which readers today will be well familiar.

In the opening chapters, Heard recounts Kenneth Arnold’s inaugural sighting of 24 June 1947; the UAL sighting of 4 July 1947; the Maury Island incident; the Muroc sighting of 8 July 1947; and Fred Johnson’s Cascade Mountain sighting 24 June 1947, famously before Arnold’s and including the first association of magnetic anomalies with the presence of the saucers, the hands on Johnson’s compass spinning wildly while the discs he witnessed were overhead. Heard continues with the Chiles/Whitted case of 23 July 1948; the death of Thomas Mantell, 7 January 1948; and the Gorman Dogfight, 1 October 1948. Heard concludes the first, historical half of his volume detailing the efforts of Project Saucer. Heard then, tediously, turns his attention to the mystery of the nature, origin, and intent of the discs, concluding, first, that their technology, because of its performance capabilities must be non-terrestrial. He is thereby moved to reflect on those characteristics, shape, size (including terming the largest “motherships”), velocity, silence, and apparent intelligent behaviour, remarking, in the process, on the earliest photographic evidence, in this case, the Trent/McMinville photo. He goes on to propose mcinvillethe discs’ pilots, like we would soon be, are space explorers. He then ranges over the possible origins of the discs and concludes with the hypothesis Jung notes, that the pilots are likely “super bees”—from Mars. Further evidence of Mars’ being the discs’ homebase is the peculiar size, appearance, and orbits of Mars’ moons, Demos and Phobos, whose oddness prompts Heard to propose they are artificial, orbital launch platforms. Heard then, in classic, ufological style, detours into a catalogue of premodern sightings, from the Eighteenth Century to Foo-fighters and Ghost Rockets, before speculating that the Martian bees’ purpose is likely to observe our industrial, technological, and military development, and to determine what threat the earth might pose to Mars, drawn in the first instance by their witnessing the detonation of atomic bombs. Heard concludes by summarizing the classic argument that, since the flying dics are neither hallucination nor terrestrial they must therefore be extraterrestrial.

In the course of the above narration, he expresses ideas that will become commonplace. Already, in the forward, the flying saucers are “some sort of super flying-machine”. Reliable witness reports are debunked or suppressed by authorities, whether the press or “Air-authorities”. Evidence is murderously suppressed by the military or government, as evidenced by the B-52 crash and death of USAF officers Brown and Davidson August 1947 transporting samples of the Maury Island ejecta. Heard categorizes the dramatis personae of the mystery into three characters: the reliable, trained but mystified witness; the witness reluctant to report his experience; and the suppressing authorities. The haughty dismissal of the mystery of the saucers is compared to that of psychical research or  Eighteenth century reports of meteorites. The UFO is described as possessing what are now the classic shapes of discs or torpedoes and of making impossibly tight turns. Heard posits the explanation that the Flying Saucers were said to be U.S. secret weapons or feared to be foreign, that the public revelation of their extraterrestrial origin would result in a “War of the Worlds” hysterical reaction, their being extraterrestrial borne out by the Saucer’s technology being ahead of ours, likely relying on magnetism or antigravity. Finally, as noted, it was the flash of A-bomb blasts that piqued the Martians’ curiosity.

For all its turgid near unreadability, Heard’s book possesses at least two (almost) saving graces. For such an early work, it presciently identifies and describes salient cases that will become “classics” and reflects on them in a manner that will be repeated over the coming decades. Remarkably, Heard’s imagining the ETs are insectoid uncannily foresees the various mantid species that will make their entrance most markedly with the advent of the Abduction phenomenon. Most importantly, though, Heard’s “hypothesis” that the pilots of the flying discs are Martian bees is developed from his ruminations about terrestrial bees, concluding they are possessed of an intelligence equal to that of humankind, being social, and capable of both calculation and communication. That he does not anthropomorphize the extraterrestrial as too many will and still do but discovers a nonhuman intelligence in our own backyard makes Heard a radical, ecological thinker avant le lettre, decentering the ontotheological primacy of human intelligence and of humankind in the process.

bee face